Completed projects

ABC4CDE  / DECM  : Assuring Best practiCes for Climate model Data Evaluation

Project aims: There are four core requirements for climate data provision: integrity, transparency, humility (in the sense of not presenting information as more than it is, nor less than it is), and collaboration; A well-designed framework for metadata and data structure helps approaching these goals. Data should be transparently obtainable and visible and the degree of quality indicated. Thus, the evaluation and quality control (EQC) framework aiming to fulfill this goal is essential for both the scientific and public audience. ABC4CDE targets assessments of user requirements, science and gaps in climate model data delivery concerning CMIP and Euro-CORDEX data. It focuses strongly on user requirements, data inventory and scientific assessment and gap analysis to formulate user-friendly and fit-for-purpose indicators, tools and services to be recommended for the C3S EQC framework.

DMI’s role: DMI will contribute to all aspects of the project. The main efforts are within the tasks associated with the scientific assessment and gap analysis. Here a particular focus is on defining basic tests of the suitability of impacts methods and models, a review of different approaches will be performed and emerging commonalities and recommendations will be extracted as an integral part of the EQC.

ASIP (Automated downstream Sea Ice Products for Greenland waters)

Project aims: Develop an automatic sea ice product service for Greenland waters which can meet the increased demands for sea ice information coming from the growing group of users operating in Greenland waters. In between the span from traditional manually produced Ice Charts and daily downstream sea ice products in coarse resolution, there is a lack of high resolution products delivered in near-real time. ASIP will meet this demand, taking advantage of the vast amount of new data from the Copernicus Sentinel satellites and by using a new and innovative data fusion approach and state-of-the-art mathematical data processing methods: Utilizing data from satellite sensors with different capabilities, will allow for ice products that are independent of daylight, weather and season and result in a significant increase in product temporal frequency and geographical coverage compared to existing ice products.

AtlantOS (Optimizing and Enhancing the Integrated Atlantic Ocean Observing System) - Horizon 2020

Web: www.atlantos-h2020.eu

Cordis: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/633211

Project aims: The ocean covers about 70% of earth’s surface. It provides us with key resources such as food, energy and materials, transport, recreational services and regulates weather and climate. A growing and more affluent population increases the environmental pressure on the ocean due to climate change, over exploitation, coastal build up, habitat destruction and pollution. Moreover, there is a growing demand for those marine ecosystem service and the desire to grow an ocean blue-green economy.

An integrated, effective, sustainable, and purposeful in-situ and satellite ocean observing system is needed to document, understand and possibly predict the ocean. Ocean information is critical to record change, facilitate timely warning of ocean-based hazards, initialize ocean system models for weather, climate and environmental forecasting, and to provide knowledge on the ocean dimension of sustainable development, the potential of the blue-green ocean economy and ocean protection and restoration.

So far, Atlantic Ocean observation was undertaken through loosely coordinated, in-situ observing networks, satellite observations and their data management arrangements remain heterogeneous. Thus, there is tremendous opportunity to advance and integrate the systems towards a fully integrated System. While the overall architecture, best practices, essential ocean variables are best articulated at the global level i.e. through the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and the Blue Planet initiative of the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), implementation actions are more efficiently coordinated at the basin scale.
The EU Horizon 2020 project AtlantOS contributed to the above-mentioned challenges by focusing on the Altantic Ocean basin. The project pooled the expertise and work of 57 European and 5 non-European partners (research institutes, universities, marine service providers, multi-institutional organisations, and the private sector) from 18 countries.

AVESOME (Added Value of uncertainty Estimates of SOurce term and MEteorology)

http://www.nks.org/en/nksb/current_activities

Project aims: In the early phase of a nuclear accident two large sources of uncertainty exist: one related to the source term and one associated with the meteorological data. In brief, operational methods will be developed in AVESOME for quantitative estimation of uncertainties in atmospheric dispersion modelling resulting from uncertainties in assessments of both the release of radionuclides from the accident and their atmospheric dispersion.

Previously, due to lack of computer power, such methods could not be applied to operational real-time decision support. However, with modern supercomputing facilities, available e.g. at national meteorological services, the proposed methodology is feasible for real-time use, thereby adding value to decision support.

In the recent NKS-B projects MUD, FAUNA and MESO, the implications of meteorological uncertainties for nuclear emergency preparedness and management have been studied, and means for operational real-time assessment of the uncertainties in a decision-support system (DSS) have been described and demonstrated.

In the proposed project, AVESOME, we address the uncertainty of the radionuclide source term, i.e. the amount of radionuclides released and the temporal evolution of the release. Furthermore, the combined uncertainty in atmospheric dispersion model forecasting stemming from the source term and the meteorological data is examined. Ways to implement the uncertainties of forecasting in DSSs, and the impacts on real-time emergency management will be described.

DMI's role:  Coordination, ensemble-statistical application of the DERMA atmospheric dispersion model.

(continuation of the previous project period, with same collaborators)

Project aims: To deliver and operate a robust, sustainable and state of the art ocean monitoring and forecasting service for the Baltic Sea as part of EU’s Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service(CMEMS) that covers both the Global sea and the European waters.

DMI's role: DMI plays an active role in project management, operation, service and scientific development of the Baltic Sea component of the CMEMS service. DMI is the coordinator of the Baltic Sea Monitoring and Forecasting Center (BAL MFC). During the 1st half of the contract period DMI will further deliver the forecast product for the physical and biogeochemical conditions in the Baltic Sea. During the 2nd half of the contract period DMI will focus on new model simulations of the physical and biogeochemical conditions in the Baltic Sea for the latest 25 years. New knowledge will hopefully be gained on data assimilation and ocean and ice modeling in the Baltic Sea; resulting in improved model products for the users of  EU’s Copernicus Marine Service.

BALTRAD (2008 – 2012) & BALTRAD+ (2011- 2014) (Link: english (external))

Project aims: The BALTRAD project, and its extension BALTRAD+, is concerned with the creation of a sustainable weather radar network for the Baltic Sea Region, operating in real-time, with high-quality data, and with demonstrated value to forecasters and decision-makers.

DMI's role: Development of a hydrometeor classifier (HMC) in which the radar returns are classified into a number of precipitation and false-echo.

Baltic Sea basin Checkpoint  (BSCP)

Project aims: To examine the current data collection, observation, surveying, sampling and data assembly programs in the Baltic Sea basin, assess and demonstrate how they can fit into purpose in the 11 challenge areas in terms of data uncertainty, availability, accessibility and adequacy, and deliver the findings to stakeholders through an internet portal with dynamic mapping features and a stakeholder workshop.

DMI's role: Coordination, data usage and adequacy assessment in wind farm siting, climate change, oil platform leak, coastal protection and eutrophication, data adequacy report.

Blue-Action (Arctic Impact on Weather and Climate) - Horizon 2020

Blue-Action is coordinated by DMI (Dr. Steffen M. Olsen)

Cordis: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/727852

Project aims: Businesses, policymakers, and local communities need to access reliable weather and climate information to safeguard human health, wellbeing, economic growth, and environmental sustainability.

However, important changes in climate variability and extreme weather events are difficult to pinpoint and account for in existing modelling and forecasting tools. Moreover, many changes in the global climate are linked to the Arctic, where climate change is occurring rapidly, making weather and climate prediction a considerable challenge.

Blue-Action evaluates the impact of Arctic warming on the northern hemisphere and develop new techniques to improve forecast accuracy at sub-seasonal to decadal scales. Blue-Action specifically works to understand and simulate the linkages between the Arctic and the global climate system, and the Arctic’s role in generating weather patterns associated with hazardous conditions and climatic extremes.

In doing so, Blue-Action aims to improve the safety and wellbeing of people in the Arctic and across the Northern Hemisphere, to reduce the risks associated with Arctic operations and resource exploitation, and to support evidence-based decision-making by policymakers worldwide.

DMI's role: DMI is involved in most aspects of the project including science coordination and project management. 

CARRA (Copernicus Arctic Regional ReAnalysis)

Project aims: A 24-year reanalysis with the same regional model setup will be implemented and run on two complementary domains to cover the European sector of the Arctic. This will be done with the HARMONIE-AROME model running at 2.5 km resolution. The project is planned for four years duration and starts with a design and setup phase, then the reanalysis enters production in Month 20. The reanalysis dataset will be continuously updated to provide a complete 24 years time series before the end of the project. The work also includes a proof-of-concept Pan-Arctic reanalysis to be run for one year duration.

DMI's role: DMI leads WP1, the work package on system development. DMI participates in all most task within WP2, the work package on input data, and will lead the WP2 tasks 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 on physiography, glacier input and albedo, and SST and sea ice, respectively. Additionally, DMI will be responsible for the reanalysis production (part of WP3) for one of two CARRA model domains. This domain covers Greenland, Iceland and a few of the adjacent islands in the high Arctic. Met.no will be responsible for the reanalysis production in the other domain that covers the Barents Sea, Svalbard and Northern Scandinavia. Finally, DMI will contribute to WP4 on user guidance and support, in which documentation and guidance on the available products from the service will be made.

C3S_312b_Lot1  (Copernicus Climate Change Service)

Project aims: The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) is currently building a Climate Data Store (CDS) that will provide open access to
observed quality-assured climate data records. The main aim of the C3S_312b_Lot1 project is to make such climate data records, so called
Essential Climate Variables (ECVs), available to the CDS.
For the current project, there is a focus on variables related to atmospheric physics. The project includes both the development of capability to
generate such data records, and arrangement of brokering of data records that are already being generated, e.g., by EUMETSAT SAFs, by ESA, or
by other organisations. The project also includes documentation, provision of user services, and arrangement of user workshops.

Project aims:  to set up a system for brokering of ROM SAF gridded monthly mean humidity data records, both the currently existing reprocessed data sets and the interim data that are being updated on a regular basis. DMI's role also include various contributions to the user services, and participation in the general project team work.

C3S_312b_Lot3_Ocean (Copernicus Climate Change Service)

Project aims: The service is dedicated to the ocean ECVs that gathers Sea Level, Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Ice and Ocean Colour ECVs. It ensures the continuity for existing ECVs (SL, SST, SI) that had started under C3S 312a contract. It also addresses a new ECV; Ocean Colour. A total of 9 variables will be produces: sea level, sea surface geostrophic velocities, SST, sea ice concentration, sea ice edge, sea ice type, sea ice thickness, chlorophyll-a and remote sensing reflectance.

DMI's role: DMI is the Sea Ice ECV manager and responsible for the validation of the sea ice concentration, edge and type products along with the target requirement and GAP analysis document and the Sea Ice helpdesk.

CLAIM (Cleaning  marine Litter in the Mediterranean & the Baltic Sea) - Horizon 2020

Cordis: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/774586

Project aims:  CLAIM focuses on the development of innovative cleaning technologies and approaches, targeting the prevention and in situ management of visible and invisible marine litter in the Mediterranean and Baltic Sea.

Two innovative technological methods will be developed, a photocatalytic nanocoating device for cleaning microplastics in wastewater treatment plants and a small-scale thermal treatment device for energy recovery from collected litter on board ships and ports. An innovative floating boom for collecting visible litter and a method to measure microlitter on board ships (Ferrybox) will be developed. The proposed cleaning technologies and approaches prevent litter from entering the sea at two main source points, i.e. wastewater treatment plants and river mouths. Effectiveness of developed devices and methods will be demonstrated under real conditions.
Additionally, CLAIM will develop innovative modeling tools to assess the marine visible and invisible plastic pollution at basin and regional scales (Saronikos Gulf, Gulf of Lyon, Ligurian Sea, Gulf of Gabes and Belt Sea).
An ecosystems approach will be followed to evaluate the potential benefit from proposed litter cleaning methods to ecosystem services. New business models will be developed to enhance the economic feasibility for upscaling the innovative cleaning technologies, taking into account the existing legal and policy frameworks in the CLAIM countries, as well as acceptance of the new technologies by their end-users and relevant stakeholders.
The data and information produced will be made available to policymakers, stakeholders and end-users in a user-friendly format,both meaningful and tailored to each stakeholder group. CLAIM aims at the same time to raise public awareness with respect to having healthy oceans and seas, clean of litter and pollutants, and hence the importance of reducing marine (macro, micro and nano) pollution in European seas and beyond towards restoring marine ecosystems based on a circular economy.Five different innovations in marine litter management ranging from devices preventing micro and macro-litter entering our seas to using macro litter as energy to assess their environmental impact in the Mediterranean and the Baltic seas, are at the core of the newly funded EU Horizon 2020 project CLAIM.  

DMI's role: DMI leads the workpackage on the development of innovative technologies on the monitoring and modelling of marine plastics.

CoDEC (C3S_422_Lot2 CoDEC – ECMWF Copernicus Procurement)

Project aims: To deliver a climate change operational data service for the european coasts, where the user can see  "climate impact indicators" for their coastal area. 

DMI's role: To select propagation for waterstand and wave models from atmospheric reanalysis and climate models and test downscaling with Harmonie (NEA) for selected storms. And to make a case for Køge Bay, with water modeling (HBM) and waves (WAM) under selected storms / storm floods in the Baltic Sea, in ongoing dialogue with the Coastal Directorate, which is associated with the project as a user.orecasting of weather dependent road conditions, in particular the formation of ice.

CCI Sea Ice - ESA (Link: www.esa-cci.org)

Project aims: The objectives of the Sea Ice CCI are to twofold: (1) Develop and provide quality-controlled ice concentration data sets for the Arctic and Antarctic from 1979 to present based on passive microwave data and (2) Develop and provide Arctic sea ice thickness data sets based on radar altimeter data from 1993 to present.  Both datasets with the best possible validation and error characterization.

DMI’s role: Lead the work on development of ice concentration dataset.

CRES: The Centre for Regional Change in the Earth System (link: english (external))

Project aims: Adaptation to climate change requires whenever possible, understanding and quantification of how human activities and natural processes affect human and natural systems. The CRES mission is to establish a coordinated research effort of high relevance to societal preparedness for climate change and to enhance Denmark’s contribution to international climate change research.  

DMI’s role: CRES is led from DMI by DKC and contributes with further development of and climate simulations performed by the regional climate model HIRHAM5 to the CRES group.

DABAI(Danish Center for Big Data Analytics driven Innovation)

Project aims: The overall aim is to make Denmark a pioneer in exploiting the full potential of big data. A group of Danish IT companies with Big Data competences, as well as government institutions representing a range of public authority interests will develop general techniques and tools for Big Data analytics to be applied within a broad range of domains. The work in the partnership will be driven by practical cases with a large business and societal potential. The initial cases will be within Societal Data, Educational Data, and Food Supply Chain Data. 

DMI's role: DMI participates in a case study on modelling of flooding from storm surges on the coasts of Denmark. Period: 2017-2019. Collaborators: For the case study, we collaborate with Aarhus University and Scalgo.

Data base for climate adaptation needs in Greenland

Project aims: The data base will consist of climate scenarios for Greenland, exemplified by a series of basic climate indices presented for the non-ice covered land area and coastal areas of Greenland. A catalogue presenting the likely change at near term, mid-century and by the end of the 21st century will be constructed and presented on a web-site. The data will be extracted and presented in a report alongside various assessments of the likely uncertainty ranges.

DMI's role: DMI will carry out HIRHAM climate scenarios using HIRHAM at 5 km resolution and produce a report documenting these in a format useful for decision making in Greenland, including those by the Self Government. The results will be presented on a workshop organized together with the Self Government at Katuaq in Nuuk in November 2015.

Defrost (Link: www.ncoe-defrost.org)

Project aims: The aim of DEFROST (Impact of a changing cryosphere - Depicting ecosystem-climate feedbacks from permafrost, snow and ice) is to understand how climate change induced changes in the cryosphere influence the ecosystem/geosphere processes which directly affect climate. We will focus on key terrestrial, lacustrine and marine cryospheric components that have the potential for giving rise to substantial changes in climate feedback mechanisms both in terms of surface-atmosphere energy exchange and exchanges of greenhouse gases. DEFROST seeks to bridge existing gaps between climate modeling, cryospheric science, and Arctic ecosystem science.

DMI’s role: Improved parameterisation of permafrost, snow and ice related processes is being incorporated in the existing Regional Climate Models RCA (Sweden), HIRHAM (Denmark) and later in HARMONIE (International). The impact on changes in regional cryospheric/climate scenarios is investigated, beneficial also to the DEFROST user community and in terms of impacts and adaptation, by a provision of more elaborated regional scenarios. A novel element is the implementation of a sub-sea permafrost model in the HIRHAM-HYCOM coupled system for the Arctic based on the GIPL permafrost model develop in UAF in Alaska

ECONADAPT: The economics of climate change adaptation (Link: english (external))

Project aims: The aim of ECONADAPT is to provide user-orientated methodologies and evidence related to economic appraisal criteria to inform the choice of climate change adaptation actions using analysis that incorporates cross-scale governance under conditions of uncertainty. A critical theme of the proposal is therefore to support the application of adaptation economics in the period following the publication of the EU's 2013 Adaptation Strategy, focusing on key decision areas that need enhanced economic information, and on the key users of such information.

DMI's role: In collaboration with the University of East Anglia, DMI is responsible for providing factual information of expected meteorological climate change for a range of impact models, e.g. hydrological models related to fluvial flooding. We deliver data from regional climate models, mainly from the CORDEX project, and assist in taking advantage of these models, particularly with respect to uncertainty.

Efficiensea2

Project aims: Efficiensea2 aims at providing a communication frame work - the "Maritime Cloud" which will enhance information sharing in and around the maritime sector for smarter offshore traffic management. This will be used to improve e-navigation which will benefit safety, emissions, delays etc.

DMI's role: DMI will provide and develope the met-ocean data for Arctic and Baltic seas. This includes ice charts, ice bergs and forecast of a variety of ice/ocean parameters. The data will be included into the maritime cloud.

EnviroChemistry on ECMWF: Enviro-HIRLAM / HARMONIE - Development and Test of an NWP Model System Accounting for Aerosol-Meteorology Interactions (Link: english (external))

Project aims: evaluation and testing of the online integrated Enviro-HIRLAM / HARMONIE modelling systems and sensitivity analyses of feedback mechanisms for chemical weather forecasting and numerical weather prediction. Two main application areas of the integrated modelling to be considered: (i) improved numerical weather prediction with short-term feedbacks of aerosols and chemistry on meteorological variables, and (ii) improved chemical weather forecasting with online integrated meteorological forecast and two-way feedbacks between aerosols/chemistry and meteorology.

DMI’s role: improve, apply and evaluate online coupled Enviro-HIRLAM integrated model; sensitivity analyses of feedback mechanisms

eSACP (Statistical Analysis of Climate Projections)

Project aims: To create software tools for assessing impacts of climate change at the regional, Nordic, level. The motivation is society's growing recognition that forecasts of future climate change is associated with various sources of uncertainty and that any long-term planning and decision-making dependent on a changing climate must account for this. The eSACP project develops a generic eScience tool that allows decision-makers and scientists from all fields to properly account for the inherent uncertainty when performing climate impact analyses and developing adaptation strategies. the new tool includes functionality to utilize the extensive and dynamically growing repositories of data, state-of-the-art statistical techniques to quantify the uncertainty. The tool incorporates innovative approaches to result visualization. This tool will not only be valuable for future assessments but will also assist the scientific community in making more clearly its case on the consequences of our changing climate to policy makers and the general public.

DMI's role: To provide RCM and GCM data for the tools, and interface with stakeholders nationally.

ESCAPE: Energy-efficient SCalable Algorithms for Weather Prediction at Exascale

Project aims: The overall objective of the ESCAPE project is to achieve world-class, extreme-scale computing capabilities for European operational numerical weather prediction (NWP). The project is lead by ECMWF.

DMI's role: Code optimization, multigrid option for radiation and dissemination activities.

eSTICC: eScience Tools for Investigating Climate Change at High Northern Latitudes (Link: english (external))

Project aims: The overarching goal of eSTICC is a more accurate description of the high-latitude feedback processes in the climate system via further development of the eScience tools of the climate research community. It brings together climate researchers and scientific computing experts in Nordic countries to develop eScience tools needed for more efficient use of experimental and model data, and to improve the computational efficiency and coding standards of ESMs and of the tools used for inverse modeling of emission fluxes. 

DMI’s role: DMI will work on improving the interface to the model data archive (CORDEX/ENSEMBLE), improving representation of ice sheets and their surface mass balance in ESM-Ice Sheet Model coupling system, improving the performance of the ESM (i.e., EC-EARTH) for carrying out extended long (millennial time-scale) experiments.

eSurge (Link: www.storm-surge.info/esurge-consortium)

Project aims: To increase the use of satellite observations for storm surge applications. The project is assessing ocean model nowcasting and forecasting skills for storm surges in a test area (the North Sea and Baltic Sea) by combining a number of real time data sets, such as altimeter data and tide gauge data, with ocean forecast models to provide best estimates using data-assimilation techniques and best forecasts. 

DMI’s role: DMI has developed a new method of blending sea level observations from altimetry and tide gauges. This combines the high temporal resolution and real-time availability of tide gauges with the spatial cover of satellite altimetry, providing a nowcast of sea level based on observations. This product is then assimilated into DMI's ocean model covering the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The model nowcast and forecast skills of the assimilated runs are compared to the non-assimilated runs. The impact of the assimilation will be assessed and disseminated in a report.

EUCISE2020 - ΕU Common Information Sharing Environment 2020

Project aims: EU CISE 2020 aims to be a significant step forward along the accomplishment of the European roadmap for CISE (Common Information Sharing Environment). Under the guidance of a Stakeholder Board, EU CISE 2020 partners will manage in parallel the elaboration of the action plan for the operational validation of new elements of R&D needed to develop CISE by in the 3 out of the 4 inter-operability layers of the European Interoperability Framework: technical. Semantic, organizational, the development of an open European test bed for incremental advancement of CISE in the medium-long term, the independent Verification & Validation of the new elements of R&D, as well as the assessment of organizational instruments necessary to sustain the appropriate governance structure and to stimulate public-private cooperation.

DMI's role: Based on Copernicus Marine Service products and DMI's own operational products and R&D activities, DMI will provide innovative value-added METOC products for the maritime surveillance. There are potentials to develop ensemble forecasting and pan-European forecast products under the project framework.

Eurocontrol

Project aims: Forecasting air traffic management (ATM) related risks for EUROCONTROL

DMI’s role: Development of meteorological models of relevance to ATM and operational execution of an ensemble system for Europe coupled with downstream ATM risk model. Communication of ATM risks to EUROCONTROL.

FAUNA

Project aims: The project addresses real-time forecasting of atmospheric dispersion and deposition of radionuclides released from a nuclear installation taking into account the meteorological uncertainties. The objective of the study is to apply the MUD methodology to a realistic setting of the Fukushima accident, and to investigate the implications of the uncertainty estimates for the emergency management.

DMI’s role: Coordination and ensemble-statistical application of the DERMA dispersion model.

FloeEdge 

Project aims:  The aim of FloeEdge is to deliver sea ice information to the local community of Qaanaaq.

DMI's role:  provide contact to the local community.

Globtemperature (Link: www.globtemperature.info)

Project aims: DMI will perform a user case study where satellite ice surface temperature will be assimilated into the HYCOM model  to assess the improvements of using satellite Ice Surface Temperature (IST) observations. 

DMI’s role: DMI will perform a user case study where gridded and merged satellite ice surface temperature (IST) will be developed and assimilated into the HYCOM-CICE model. The experiments will be validated to assess the improvements of using satellite IST observations.

GMES-PURE  (Link: gmes-pure.eu) 

Project aims: GMES-PURE project defines and implements a transparent process for user involvement in the definition of long-term requirements for the Copernicus Marine and Atmosphere Services. The process covers the definition of user requirements, but also the derivation of service specifications, service data requirements and technical requirements on the observation infrastructure.

The project is based on a user-driven method, which consists of two main features:

1. continuous and broad user involvement, and

2. consensus seeking at all stages.

The process was successfully applied by EUMETSAT to its future satellite programmes, and an extension is sought to address the additional complexity of the Copernicus Marine and Atmospheric user communities.

The project will further develop the results of the previously organized EC user consultation meetings for the GMES M&A Services (GMES Implementation Groups, etc.). In particular, these results will be further consolidated through specific user workshops and domain expert reviews, for the EC final approval involving the GMES User Forum.

The project is led by EUMETSAT, providing project coordination and the process for requirements engineering from the identification of needs to the requirement validation.

DMI’s role: DMI works on the service gap analysis and service data specification. In the service gap analysis, DMI will compare the user requirement documents for Copernicus Marine Service and MyOcean2 Service catalogue, to identify gaps in mid- and long-term on parameters, resolution, temporal and spatial scales and quality etc. Based on gap analysis, more detailed service data requirements will be specified and documented.     

GREENICE: Impacts of Sea-Ice and Snow-Cover Changes on Climate, Green Growth and Society (Link: english (external))

Project aims: The main goal of GREENICE is to reduce uncertainties in the interaction among climate, society, and the cryosphere over the next decades, focusing on understanding how climate will respond to future changes in sea ice and snow cover. By means of a thorough analysis of observations and coordinated experiments with global and regional atmospheric models, GREENICE will improve the understanding of the atmospheric response to sea-ice and snow-cover changes and our ability to predict both anthropogenic and naturally-driven changes on 10-30 year timescales.

DMI’s role: DMI’s contribution to the project is investigate and modelling the response of the atmospheric circulation to changes in sea ice and snow covers using global climate model EC-EARTH.

GUDP-VIND

Project aims: GUDP-VIND (Dynamiske brugerstyrede havkort til værdiløft af dansk industrifiskeri) is a Danish development and demonstration project. It aims to provide an operational service for industrial fishery through integrating existing operational weather and oceanographic service at DMI with monitoring activities in research institutes such as DTU-Aqua and fishery associations (five fishery vessels will provide in-situ measurements of zooplankton and fish catch).

DMI's role: DMI is a product generator and provider as well as a developer together with DTU-Aqua to improve the products especially the biogeochemical products through data assimilation to generate and provide operational products needed for the fishery service. DMI will provide operational analysis/forecast products in the North Sea on surface weather, waves, 3D ocean and biogeochemical states. DMI will also develop value-added products together with DTU-Aqua. 

HIRLAM-B (Link: HIRLAM)

Project aims: HIRLAM (HIgh Resolution Limited Area Model) is a research cooperation of 10 European meteorological institutes, with the aim to develop and maintain a numerical short-range weather forecasting system for operational use by the participating meteorological institutes. HIRLAM-collaboration was initiated in 1985 at DMI and has gone through numerous phases in the past two decades. Since 1 January 2011, the programme entered a phase, HIRLAM-B, with the focus to develop and maintain the non-hydrostatic convection permitting model HARMONIE suitable for kilometer-scale weather focus with particular focus on extreme weather and on probabilistic forecast- HARMONIE is being developed in close cooperation with the ALADIN consortium (lead by Météo-France), as well as European Center for Medium Weather Forecast (ECMWF). 

DMI's role: DMI staffs has been active players in the HIRLAM cooperation throughout all phases of the programme. Each year DMI contributes with an equivalent of 40 person-month on activities coordinated by the HIRLAM programme, mainly on probabilistic forecast, data assimilation, physical parameterisation, system and application and programme management. Since March 2014, DMI has been acting as a RCR (Regular Cycle of Reference HARMONIE) center with a HARMONIE-model for Denmark and neighbouring area.

HRWS  

Project aims: The main objective of the HRWS project is to evaluate existing and demonstrate two potential new Sentinel-1 operation modes according to the HRWS (High Resolution Wide Swath) SAR operational specifications. The new modes are the full polarimetry and the wide swath and high resolution mode. Both new capabilities will be in addition to the current operation mode available at an HRWS system. With the new operation mode concept, all GMES services will profit with an improvement of the product quality, and new innovative application can be added into the list.

DMI’s role: DMI's role is to provide input and evaluate results of the demonstrations with respect to sea-ice applications.

HydroCast – Hydrological Forecasting and Data Assimilation: (Link: english (external))

Project aims: HydroCast is a joint research project undertaken by a project team of fifteen research scientists, three PhD students and three end-users across ten institutions. In the HydroCast project new forecasting and data assimilation tools are developed and tested that combine different on-line data sources with meteorological and hydrological modelling for provision of probabilistic hydrological forecasts, covering short-range, medium-range and seasonal forecasting.  The tools are tested on three test cases but they will be generic and applicable in a wide range of cases. 

DMI’s role: DMI is involved  in two work packages  and  a test study.  In the first work package a quantitative precipitation forecast  system that combines weather radar and high-resolution short-range NWP modelling is  developed. Assimilation of weather radar is based on a nudging scheme that is implemented in the NWP model. The project will develop more effective quality control algorithms for state-of-the-art dual polarisation radars. In particular, major improvement is expected in identifying and removing false echoes in the weather radar data.  In the second work package DMI contributes to probabilistic precipitation forecasts using DMI’s atmospheric ensemble prediction system for precipitation.  DMI’s forecasts are used in a test study for an area around the new Silkeborg highway.

IASI IST - Ice Surface Temperature from Metop Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer

Project aims: The aim of the study is firstly to compile an inventory and assessment of in situ datasets relevant for the validation of Ice Surface Temperature (IST) from IASI with a primary focus in the Arctic. Secondly, evaluation and validation of the existing sea-ice surface temperature from the EUMETSAT IASI Level-2 product. Finally, the study will address a secondary validation of the ice surface temperatures over land surfaces from IASI.

DMI's role: DMI is the sole project contractor and hence, DMI will do the work in close collaboration with EUMETSAT project team.

ICE-ARC  (Link: www.ice-arc.eu)

Project aims: The ICE-ARC project aims to understand and quantify the multiple stresses involved in the change in the Arctic marine environment. Particular focus is on the rapid retreat and collapse of the Arctic sea ice cover and to assess the climatic (ice, ocean, atmosphere and ecosystem), economic and social impacts of these stresses on regional and global scales.

DMI’s role: Ocean processes: ocean mixing and stratification, freshwater fluxes and fjord processes. Ice mass balance buoys for dynamics and thermodynamics, sea ice multisensory monitoring.

ICEMAR (Link: www.icemar.eu)

Project aims: ICEMAR will establish a pilot service delivering sea ice information products directly to ships navigating near or in ice-infested waters in the European Arctic and Baltic Sea.

The overall objective of the ICEMAR project is to establish a pilot down-stream GMES sea ice information service to improve access to existing and new ice information products to aid ships navigating near or within ice-infested waters in the European Arctic (primarily the Greenland and Barents Seas) and the Baltic Sea.

DMI’s role: Consultants on ice information services and supplier of digital ice charts and satellite images.

Ice-nucleating bacteria

Project aims: This phd study investigates the sensitivity of cloud ice production in an NWP model to changes in bacterial ice nucleators and thereby develops a new parameterization of ice probability for usage in NWP models.  

DMI’s role: Supervision and model development.

ice2ice (Link: coming up. See introduction video)

Project aims: ice2ice is the first concerted effort to the tackle question of the cause and future implications of past abrupt climate change in Greenland, the main hypothesis being that the Arctic and sub-Arctic sea ice cover excerts important controls on past and future Greenland temperature and ice sheet variations. In ice2ice this will be done by:

• describing the nature, timing and wxtent of abrupt events across climate archives,
• resolving mechanisms behind the sudden demise of sea ice cover,
• identifying the risk that the ongoing rapid diminution of Arctic sea ice cover could give abrupt GIS changes in the future,
• determining the impacts of such changes for the GIS and Arctic and global climate.

DMI's role: To further develop and apply global and regional Earth system models to be able to conduct experiments addressing the central question of the project. This involves, high resolution atmosphere modeling, a coupled high resolution regional climate model for the Arctic and using the global EC-Earth model. In most cases with an interactive ice sheet model (PISM) being part of the system. 3 PhD positions will form a central contribution to the project, but substantial funding is allocated to permanent staff at DMI.

IEA-PVPS 2018  (EUDP 17-II: IEA PVPS Task 16 Solar resource for high penetration)

Project aims: 

DMI's role: 

IEA SHC Task 46: Solar Resource Assessment and Forecasting: (Link: irradiance.dmi.dk)

Project aims: Advanced solar resource assessment and forecasting is essential for optimal use of all forms of solar energy. The project is the Danish contribution to IEA SHC Task 46 and includes historical and new measurement of solar irradiances and state-of-the the NWP modelling.

DMI’s role: Project management (Kristian Pagh Nielsen); NWP forecasting; responsible for the work with improving IEA standards for TMYs;  analysis of the directional radiance distribution measured at DTU; and theoretical calculations of spectral irradiances. DMI also performs pilot testing of equipment for measuring the diffuse and direct components of solar irradiance.

INTAROS (Integrated Arctic Observation System) www.nersc.no/project/intaros

Project aims: The overall objective of INTAROS is to develop an integrated Arctic Observation System (iAOS) by extending, improving and unifying existing systems in the different regions of the Arctic. INTAROS will have a strong multidisciplinary focus, with tools for integration of data from atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere and terrestrial sciences, provided by institutions in Europe, North America and Asia. 
INTAROS is a research and innovation action under the H2020-BG-09 call in 2016.

DMI's role: DMI will generate HYCOM-CICE model data for the Disko Bay-Baffin Bay area. The physical data will be used to force the offline Flexsem model system at Aarhus University.

IMPRESSIONS - Impacts and risks from high-end scenarios: strategies for innovative solutions (link: english (external))

Project aims: IMPRESSIONS aims to advance understanding of the consequences of high-end climate and socioeconomic scenarios on local, regional as well as global scale and to evaluate how such information can be embedded within effective and integrated adaptation and mitigation decision-making processes.

DMI's role: DMI is providing tailored climate scenario data as well as guidance on the use of climate data for various types of impact assessments.

IMPACT2C: Quantifying projected impacts under 2°C warming (link: external)

Project aims: IMPACT2C will identify and quantify the impacts and most appropriate response strategies of a 2°C global warming for Europe and three selected vulnerable regions in other parts of the world being Africa, Bangladesh and the Maldives. IMPACT2C will provide detailed ensemble based climate change scenarios, plus statistics and derived indices, tailored to the needs of various sectors, for the time slice in which the global temperature is simulated to be 2°C above pre industrial levels. In addition IMPACT2C will provide a detailed assessment of risks, vulnerabilities, impacts and associated costs for a broad range of sectors against the background of socio economic scenarios consistent with development paths aimed at limiting global warming to 2°C. Finally IMPACT2C will develop an optimal mix of response strategies (technological, governance, capacity building) accounting for the regional differences in adaptive capacities, distinguishing between those that can be accommodated autonomously and those that require additional policy interventions.

DMI's role: DMI is to provide dynamical downscaling's of EC-Earth using the regional climate model HIRHAM5 for both Africa and Europe, and investigate methods for quantifying scenario uncertainty, model variability and model biases. In addition DMI hosts the project's data archive.

IS-ENES2: Infrastructure for the European Network for Earth System modelling - Phase 2 (Link: english (external))

Project aims: IS-ENES2 is the second phase project of the distributed e-infrastructure of models, model data and metadata of the European Network for Earth System Modelling (ENES). This network gathers together the European modelling community working on understanding and predicting climate variability and change. IS-ENES2 combines expertise in climate modelling, computational science, data management and climate impacts. IS-ENES2 supports the ENES portal on which more information on community, services, models, data and computing can be found.

DMI's role: The role of DMI consists mainly in distributing data from the CORDEX project through acting as an ESGF datanode accesible for instance from www.esgf-data.dkrz.de. We have developed and maintain a server at cordexesg.dmi.dk and receive regional climate model data from other institutions who do not have their own ESGF server. We have also, funded by this project, taken part in the preliminary definitions necessary to join CORDEX to the existing ESGF framework for CMIP5 global model data.

Jerico (Link: www.jerico-fp7.eu)

Project aims: The project is aiming at providing a reliable valuation to the existing monitoring and observational systems for the European seas. The project is also purposed to form scientific guidance to optimize the existing monitoring and observational systems and to design additional new systems.

DMI’s role: DMI’s role: DMI is responsible for the Baltic Sea. We use data assimilation to evaluate how much the observational systems of T-S profiles and SST can improve the model products. We also evaluate how the new observational system of gliders should be applied in the Baltic Sea.

KLIMAKS (Klimafremskrivning af målt nedbør til afløbsteknisk anvendelse)

Project aims:  1. udvikling og validering af metode til klimafremskrivning af dynamisk regn før Danmark;  2. udarbejdelse af katalog med historiske og klimafremskrevne dimensionerings- og analysehændelser baseret på vejrradar- og regnmålerdata; 3. beregning af klimaparametre for udvalgte klimascenarier og tidhorisonter; 4. demonstration og konsekvensberegning af de under pkt. 1, 2 og 3 udviklede metoder i modelbaseret analyse af regnvandssystemers serviceniveau samt klimatilpasning.

DMI's role:  Beregning af klimaparametre for udvalgte klimascenarier og tidhorisonter (using available high-resolution climate model runs within CORDEX (EUR-11)

FP7 MarcoPolo: Monitoring and Assessment of Regional air quality in China using space Observations, Project Of Long-term sino-european co-Operation: (Link (external))

Project aims: Using European and Chinese expertise to improve air quality monitoring, modelling and forecasting over China by improving emission database using satellite data with a focus on emission estimates from space and their refinement for anthropogenic and biogenic sources through spatial downscaling and source sector apportionment. State-of-the-art techniques and recent wide range satellite and in-situ data and GIS information will be applied. New emission inventories will serve as input to air quality modelling on regional and urban scales, and it is expected to improve considerably existing air quality information and forecasts (to be supported by validation and following international standards and recommendations) interactively customized at MarcoPolo website.

DMI’s role: Leading WP5 “Air Quality Modelling an Forecasting”; and contribute to Enviro-HIRLAM modelling of atmospheric pollution from urban to city-scale for selected metropolitan areas in China; validation model results using satellite remote-sensing data; study relationship between air pollution and meteorology/ climate and aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions; evaluation of urban pollution and effects of megacities on the environment (linking with FP7 MEGAPOLI project outcomes); consulting/co-advising PhD students involved into research and application of Enviro-HIRLAM for China.

Marine climate effects on primary production around the Faroe Islands 

Project aims: To explore the hydrographical settings and especially the dynamics of the mixed layer (ML) around and on the Faroe shelf. Study the depth and timing of the ML and the relative role of tidal mixing, air-sea heat exchanges and horizontal advection.

DMI’s role: Supervisor of PhD student.

MESO (MEteorological uncertainty of ShOrt-range dispersion)

Project aims: As shown by the recently completed NKS-B projects MUD and FAUNA, the influence of meteorological uncertainties on long-range atmospheric dispersion calculations can be large, e.g. up to an order of magnitude depending on the weather situation, with significant implications for nuclear emergency preparedness and decision making. The question that the MESO project is going to answer is to what extent this also applies to short-range (mesoscale) dispersion models employed for nuclear emergency preparedness up to about two hundred kilometres from the source.

The assessment of such uncertainties is facilitated by recent developments in numerical weather prediction (NWP) modelling through the use of ensemble methodology. The computer resource demanding procedures are now being, or are planned to be, implemented at a number of national weather services. This development enables operational quantitative calculation of uncertainties of the concentration and deposition patterns from accidental releases of radionuclides to be used by nuclear decision-support systems (DSSs), which thereby provide a more comprehensive basis for the decision making.

Short-range atmospheric dispersion models differ from long-range models not only by the use of finer resolution terrain and land-use data, but also by the fact that short-range models may utilize weather radar data for simulation of wet deposition of radionuclides. Obviously, observational data, e.g. from radars, can be used for hindcasting, but these data, which are expected to represent the precipitation intensity more accurately than NWP model data, are useful for nuclear emergency preparedness in the period of time until radiological monitoring data have become available. However, there are a number of uncertainties associated with such use of weather radar data. These include the use of parameterization of the precipitation rate depending on the attenuation of the reflected radar signal, filtering of false radar echoes arising from e.g. clutter or flocks of birds, precipitation from low clouds not being registered by the radar beam, and precipitation evaporating before reaching ground. A new possobility is facilitated by the next-generation dual-pole Doppler radars, namely observed distinction between rain and snow which can have important consequences for short-range modelling since deposition of radionuclides differs substantially between rain and snow.

Thus, the MESO project has two work packages: one devoted to the study of uncertainties of short-range atmospheric dispersion forecasting involving the use of NWP model data only, the other focusing on hindcasting including the combined use of NWP model data and weather radar data.

DMI's role: Coordination, ensemble-statistical application of the RIMPUFF short-range dispersion model, generation of precipitation intensity from weather radar data and description og uncertainties and potential errors.

MetNet

Project aims: The MetNet working group is created with the objective of improving co-operation between Members of NordMet in the area of nuclear emergency preparedness

DMI’s role: Coordination.

Mona Lisa 2 (Link: www.monalisaproject.eu)

Project aims: MONALISA 2.0 is a concrete step in the process of further developing the Motorways of the Sea concept by implementing concrete pilot actions and studies that will foster deployment of new maritime services and processes. 

DMI’s role: to develop and provide operational meteo-ocean forecast products and their uncertainties for e-navigation (e.g., route optimization) in European regional seas. Major challenges are to provide high quality and high resolution forecasts in pan-European Seas incl. all narrow straits linking the Seas as well as their uncertainty estimates. DMI's approach is to use a pan-European sea set up (with 10 two-way nested areas) of DMI ocean-ice model HBM to resolve the spatial resolution and coverage problem and to use ensemble method to resolve the uncertainty estimation issue. Both are frontier research in operational oceanography. The forecasting method and skills developed in MONALISA2.0 are also applicable in many other service areas.    

MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate)  (ESA)   (https://www.mosaic-expedition.org/

Project aims: MOSAiC-ekspeditionen er Tysklands bidrag til International Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP), og det største havis-eksperiment nogensinde. MOSAiC involverer ca. 17 lande og ca. 600 videnskabsfolk, ingeniører, teknikere etc. der løbende vil være ombord på R/V Polarstern. R/V Polarstern lader sig fryse inde i den Arktiske is og glide med denne mod syd langs Grønlands østkyst fra september 2019 til efteråret 2020. I den periode er R/V Polarstern et rejsende laboratorium og en kæmpe observationsplatform. Der vil blive taget et hav af forskellige målinger og observationer under isen, i isen, på isen og over isen med det formål at monitorerer det skrøbelig Arktiske klimasystem og økosystem under menneskabte klimaforandringer.

DMI's role: Som en del af MOSAiC vil DMI bl.a. blive indsamlet referencedata, som er direkte relevante for at udvikle fx strålingsmodeller (som fx DMI bruger når satellitdata i vejrmodeller for at forbedre vejrudsigter) og til at forstå effekten og betydningen af havisen i vores klimasystem. Ligeledes vil data indgå i udviklingen af klimamodeller, koblede oceanmodeller og havismodeller. Data vil bidrage til at forbedre produkterne i EUMETSAT’s OSISAF og ligeledes forbedre DMI’s havis-klimatidsserier.

MUD

Project aims: Ensemble statistical methods will be developed for application to atmospheric dispersion scenarios involving hazardous pollutants, e.g. radioactivity from accidental releases to the atmosphere. Thereby, uncertainties of predicted concentration and deposition patterns can be derived enhancing the decision-support for the responsible authorities.  

DMI’s role: Coordination and development of ensemble-statistical methodology.

MyOceanFO (Link: www.myocean.eu)

Project aims: To deliver and operate a rigorous, robust and sustainable Ocean Monitoring and Forecasting system of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service to users for maritime safety, marine resources, marine and coastal environment and climate, seasonal and weather forecasting. It is a continuation of MyOcean 2.

DMI's role: DMI plays an active role in project management, operation, service and science. As part of MyOcean Board and Execom, DMI is involved in MyOceanFO technical and overall management. During the project period, DMI maintains the Version 4 System production and services for the Baltic MFC and SST/Sea Ice TAC to provide operational products of physical and biogeochemical forecast in the Baltic Sea and sea ice and iceberg products in the Arctic region with focus on Greenland waters. The next version (V5) systems of the Baltic MFC and SST/sea ice will be developed, calibrated and implemented furing the project period. Improvements are expected on data assimilation, ice model and biogeochemical model for the Baltic Sea and new sea ice and iceberg products with using Sentinel-1 data. 

NAACOS (Link: www.naacos.dk)

Project aims: The overriding objectives of NAACOS has been to develop and refine oceanographic models using remote sensing and observations to evaluate the impact of high latitude climate change on circulation, deep water formation, sea-ice and carbon flux and their implications at regional scales. To this end, this project is putting in place multi-disciplinary, knowledge-based tools and models that can reduce the uncertainty of and directly contribute to sound and robust policy strategies regarding the expected increase in maritime activities in northern seas.

DMI’s role: Climate modeling and process studies related to the ocean exchanges with the Arctic Mediterranean. Particular focus is on the Arctic Ocean freshwater and the arctic stratification. A separate task relate to deployment of ice mass balance boys.

NACLIM (Link: www.naclim.eu)

Project aims: The North Atlantic Ocean is one of the most important drivers for the global ocean circulation and its variability on time scales beyond inter-annual. Global climate variability is to a large extent triggered by changes in the North Atlantic sea surface state. The quality and skill of climate predictions depends crucially on a good knowledge of the northern sea surface temperatures (SST) and sea ice distributions. On a regional scale, these parameters strongly impact on weather and climate in Europe, determining precipitation patterns and strengths as well as changes in temperature and wind patterns. NACLIM aims at investigating and quantifying the predictability on interannual to decadal time scales of the climate in the North Atlantic/European sector related to North Atlantic/Arctic Ocean surface state (SST and sea ice) variability and change.

DMI’s role: To quantify the uncertainty of state-of-the-art climate forecasts by evaluating the ability to model the most important oceanic and atmospheric processes in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans by comparing key quantities with observations.

Nordic CarboNord: Impact of Black Carbon on Air Quality and Climate in Northern Europe and Arctic

Project aims: are to provide new information on distribution and effects of black carbon in Northern Europe and Arctic, evaluate the reliability of related model-predictions, and suggest the policy-relevant approaches of reducing the climate- and air quality forcing by black carbon.

DMI's role: simulations with regional on-line integrated meteorology-chemistry model Envire-HIRLAM and studies of two-way interactions between pollutants and meteorological / climate process for the Nordic countries / European Arctic.

Nordic CRAICC-PEEX: CRyosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing arctic Climate - Pan Eurasian EXperiment: (Link (external))

Project aims: are to strengthen collaboration between Nordic, Russian and Chinese key investigators and corresponding institutes in the PEEX frameworks; to make detailed design enabling long-term, top-level research activities in PEEX; to build direct links and to establish young researchers training and short-term exchange between the institutes. PEEX is a new large-scale initiative for conducting Arctic and boreal climate changes research in order to answer global grand challenges and to set up a process for planning and establishing of a world-class long-term, coordinated observations and modeling research programme focusing in the Pan Eurasian region, especially to cover ground-based, airborne and satellite observations. PEEX involves scientists from various disciplines, experimentalists and modelers, and international research projects funded by EU-Russian-Chinese funding programmes or organizations.

DMI’s role: Co-coordination; development of joint pilot studies for long-term research activities, PEEX scientific plan, research proposals; participations in join CRAICC_PEEX workshops and organization of workshop on climate change for Arctic seas and shipping; training / consulting of young researchers with Enviro-HIRLAM/HARMONIE research and development.

NORTH - NORthern constraints on the Atlantic ThermoHaline circulation 

Project aims: To assess the fundamental structure and operation of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation's northern limb and thus constrain its mean state, variance and sensitivity related to observed and projected climate change including possible feedbacks.

DMI’s role: To construct analytical models of northern THC that account for its observed structure, constrain variance and identify possible ocean feedbacks.

Nowcasting

Project aims: Improved forecasting of heavy precipitation and other hazardous meteorological phenomena including slippery roads and fog. Improved daily weather forecasting with usage in e.g. air traffic management, energy industry and specialized products.  

DMI’s role: Development of new methods for assimilating radar derived precipitation, cloud properties and other observational data. Operational execution of rapid update cycles using hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic NWP models in high spatial resolution.

Nuclear and chemical emergency preparedness

Project aims: Nuclear and chemical emergency preparedness for the Danish Emergency Management Agency.

DMI’s role: Model development.

OMOVAST (Operativ model til varsling og styring)

Project aims: To enable better handling of waste and runoff water in cases of severe precipitation in the Copenhagen area. Including improved prediction of rain, more precise determination of the amount of water in sewage pipes and on street level, resulting in improved decision making when controlling the pipesystem, use of pumps and reservoirs, and the waste water plants.

DMI's role: DMI improves forecasting of precipitation, by including cloud and radar data in NWP, and by increasing the updatae frequency and time resolution of the NWP forecasts.

OPEC (Operational Ecology) (Link: marine-opec.eu)

Project aims: The OPEC project (Operational Ecology) develops a new generation of operational marine ecosystem forecast tool. The EU-granted project targets at the development for the Black Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the North-East Atlantic Sea, and the Baltic Sea. DMI, along with DTU-AQUA and DMU, is responsible for the Baltic Sea. The project is coordinated by Plymouth Marine Laboratory.

DMI’s role: The lower trophic level in the Baltic Sea.

ORCA - Oceanic Response, Controls and Attribution: west Greenland fjord circulation and accelerating glacier discharge

Project aims: In this project we propose to investigate the hydrography and circulation in the double-fjord system into which the outlet glaciers Rink and the Kangerdlugsupp Sermerssua terminate. These two tidal glaciers have shown very different dynamical response during recent years while they have been subject to the same atmospheric and far-field oceanic forcing. We hypothesize that oceanic processes on the fjord scale and smaller must play a role in controlling these glaciers' dynamics. The exchange between the two fjords and the open ocean, and hence heat and freshwater flux, are expected to be different due to the distinct geometries of the two fjords.

DMI’s role: DMI's role: Conduct field observations and contribute to the scientific production based on project data, dissemination, training and public outreach.

P-TEP (Polar Thematic Exploitation Platform)

Project aims: P-TEP is an ESA project that focus on easy access to polar earth observation data including Sentinel1 data. The aim is to allow users to process data without downloading. The pilot project for the portal evolves around icebergs from calving off the western Greenlandic  coast to iceberg detections and forecast of ice berg trajectories.

DMI's role: DMI provides historical data from waves, ocean, sea ice and atmosphere in order to force the iceberg trajectories. In addition output from PISM is provided to describe the current and future development of calving of glacial ice of the Greenlandic west coast. At last DMI is wp lead of the pilot project. 

PEGASOS: Pan-European Gas-Aerosols-Climate Interaction Study  (Link (external)) 

Project aims: are to quantify the magnitude of regional to global feedbacks between atmospheric chemistry and a changing climate and to reduce the corresponding uncertainty of the major ones, and to identify mitigation strategies and policies to improve air quality while limiting their impact on climate change.

DMI’s role: improve and apply online coupled Enviro-HIRLAM integrated model with two-way cloud-aerosol feedbacks for studies of large-scale climate change impact on regional atmospheric composition, air quality, and micro-climate.

POLAR ICE 

Project aims: The aim of Polar Ice is to develop a next generation sea ice information service by integrating and building on a wide range of existing European and national funded activities which incorporate many of the required components. Considerable investment has enabled development of key parts of a complete sea ice service chain. Polar Ice will link these together, fill known gaps and ensure a robust operational service.

DMI’s role: Delivery of ice forecasts and ice pressure products.

Polarview 2 (Link: www.polarview.org)

Project aims: Polar View is an international consortium providing a wide variety of earth observation products that monitor the Polar Regions and mid-latitude areas affected by ice and snow. The Polar View team includes government agencies, research institutes, system developers, service providers and end users from 17 countries. Created in 2005, Polar View provides a wide variety of earth observation products that monitor sea ice cover, glacier runoff, snow cover, snow melt, icebergs, river ice and lake ice.

DMI’s role: DMI delivers ice charts and satellite images.

RETAIN - Understanding and predicting non-linear change in the permeability of Greenland firn

Project aims: This project will 1) develop a percolation/retention scheme based on inverse modeling of shallow ice core data; 2) evaluate non-linearities in ice sheet melt water runoff; and 3) assess feedback mechanisms between atmosphere and surface properties (i.e. albedo) using a regional climate model applied to the past and future. We will thus achieve a more complete understanding of the ice sheet's past, present, and future climate response and its global sea level impact.

DMI's role: Implement a new percolation/retention scheme into the regional climate model HIRHAM5 and asses feedback mechanisms between atmosphere and surface properties.

SLIM (Source Localization by Inverse Methods)

Project aims: In early October 2017, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was informed by Member States that low concentrations of Ru-106 were measured in high-volume air samples in Europe from routine monitoring networks. However, no information was given that an accidental release of Ru-106 had taken place. Such events signify that there is a need for prompt and accurate responses from national radiation protection authorities in such cases. This requires that methodologies, suited for operational use, are developed for localization of the source of contamination based on available monitoring data, and furthermore, that the source term is characterized as well as possible in terms of source strength and time dependence of the release.

For operational use, nuclear decision-support systems (DSSs) should be extended with modules handling such monitoring data automatically and conveying them to the national meteorological centre accompanied by a request to run an atmospheric dispersion model in inverse mode. The aim would be to determine a geographical area in which to find the potential release point as well as the release period. The DSS user should subsequently have the ability to request forward calculations from the potential release sites. These forward runs would involve fitting the dispersion model results to the monitoring data, and the resulting source characterization data should be returned to the DSS. Obviously, the latter facility can be applied also in cases where the release location is in fact known, and hence, the objective is to estimate the source term and the timing of the release.

In the previous NKS-B project MUD, a methodology was developed for quantitative estimation of the uncertainty of atmospheric dispersion modelling stemming from the inherent uncertainties of meteorological model predictions. In SLIM, the inherent meteorological uncertainties will be taken into account by applying the MUD methodology to the inverse modelling approach both with respect to localizing the source, and to deriving the source characteristics, the source term. Previously, due to lack of computational power, such methods could not be applied in operational real-time decision support. However, with modern supercomputing facilities available e.g. at national meteorological centres the proposed methodology is feasible for real-time use, thereby adding value to decision support.

DMI's role: Coordination, development of methodology using the DERMA atmospheric dispersion model, application to selected cases.

SalienSEAS (Enhancing the Saliency of climate services for marine mobility Sectors in European Arctic Seas)

Project aims: 
• to understand the mobility patterns, constraints, challenges, decision-making contexts and information needs of end-users in different European Arctic marine sectors;
• to develop and apply participatory tools for co-producing salient weather and sea ice services with Arctic marine end-users; and
• to co-develop user-relevant and sector specific weather and sea ice services and dissemination systems dedicated to Arctic marine end-users tailored to key social, environmental and economic needs.

SAMAR - Short and long term ablation modelling based on Automatic Weather Station data and Regional Climate Model 

Project aims: The overall goal of the project SAMAR is to improve predictive capabilities of surface energy balance (SEB) models both on short time scales (days and weeks), that are useful for example for operation of hydroelectric power plants and for making flood warnings, and on century time scale for improved projections of the contribution of glaciers to sea level rise. To achieve this overall goal we will take advantage of the wealth of data available in Iceland at IES, and three types of ablation models with various spatial extent and resolution. An SEB model that has been applied for points will be extended to a distributed surface module in HIRHAM5. To include the response of the glacier to the changes in the SEB, HIRHAM5 is coupled to the dynamic ice sheet model PISM for future projections. The objectives of the project are defined as follows:

Objective 1: Develop a distributed SEB model for Icelandic glaciers

Objective 2: Assess the sensitivity of the modelled ablation to variation in albedo and other energy balance components in the model

Objective 3: Validate the SEB module of HIRHAM5 with available observations from AWS and contribute to further development of this module

Objective 4: Validate and apply the coupled HIRHAM5-PISM model on Icelandic glaciers on both short and long time scales as well as with different spatial model resolutions

DMI’s role: Improved parameterisation of SEB in HIRHAM and apply the model to Icelandic glaciers using the PISM Ice Sheet model coupled to HIRHAM  

Sargasso eel

Project aims: The project is focused on establishing linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes related to the eel spawning and larval feeding, growth and drift. Using a unique cross disciplinary approach, the project is expected to reveal the controlling factors that make this region so suitable to spawning and herby improve our understanding of potential climate influence on recruitment to the eel population. 

DMI’s role: DMI will assist in guiding the research vessel during the cruise. In addition, DMI will develop frontal detection algorithms to study the seasonal and interannual changes in the physical conditions and link these changes to variations in the eel population.  

CMEMS  SI TAC (Copernicus Marine Environmental Monitoring Services)
(phase-2 continuation of the CMEMS OSI TAC project)

Project aims: As part of EU’s Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) the Sea Ice Thematic Assembly Center (SI TAC) is responsible for the collection, processing, qualification and distribution of sea ice (SI) data products derived from radiometers (infra-red and microwave), scatterometers and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite missions. The SI TAC is in charge of the near-real time (NRT) and delayed mode (REP) processing of Sea Ice observations (regionally and globally), required for CMEMS modelling and data assimilation and for applications. 

DMI's role: DMI plays an active role in operation, service and scientific development of the CMEMS service. DMI delivers ice charts and iceberg maps for the Greenland Waters and a combined ice and sea surface temperature product covering the whole Arctic. During the contract period DMI will further develop and improve these products eg. by utilizing the sensor capabilities of the Copernicus Sentinel-1, -2 and -3 satellites. DMI products are used by different stakeholders to monitor Arctic sea ice conditions and for data assimilation in Arctic ocean and ice models; resulting in improved model products for the users of  EU’s Copernicus Marine Service.

CMEMS  SI TAC (Copernicus Marine Environmental Monitoring Services)
(phase-2 continuation of the CMEMS OSI TAC project)

Project aims: As part of EU’s Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) the Sea Ice Thematic Assembly Center (SI TAC) is responsible for the collection, processing, qualification and distribution of sea ice (SI) data products derived from radiometers (infra-red and microwave), scatterometers and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite missions. The SI TAC is in charge of the near-real time (NRT) and delayed mode (REP) processing of Sea Ice observations (regionally and globally), required for CMEMS modelling and data assimilation and for applications. 

DMI's role: DMI plays an active role in operation, service and scientific development of the CMEMS service. DMI delivers ice charts and iceberg maps for the Greenland Waters and a combined ice and sea surface temperature product covering the whole Arctic. During the contract period DMI will further develop and improve these products eg. by utilizing the sensor capabilities of the Copernicus Sentinel-1, -2 and -3 satellites. DMI products are used by different stakeholders to monitor Arctic sea ice conditions and for data assimilation in Arctic ocean and ice models; resulting in improved model products for the users of  EU’s Copernicus Marine Service.

ESA  Microstructural Origin of Electromagnetic Signature in Microwave Remote Sensing of Snow  (www.smrt-model.science)

Project aims:  to build a "community sea ice microwave emission model" in the context of the SMRT model system. Emission models for different surface types play a central role  in many applications of satellite data analysis, for example as forward operators in satellite data assimilation in numerical weather prediction models. A community model was missing for sea ice and the project aim was to close this gap.

DMI's role:  to provide model functions for dielectric properties and scattering and to implement these in emission models.

SolarPACES Solar Radiation Products for end-users

Project aims: The objective of this project is to organize the solar radiation products according to different uses and define minimal requirements for each of them. The information will be published on a dedicated web page. This web page will include all the project deliverables and examples and comparisons of products from different developers.

DMI's role: DMI will be resposible for products characterizing low level attenuation, the solar spectrum and the sunshape. 

SolarPACES Guidelines for creation of meteorological data sets for CSP performance simulations

Project aims: Proper knowledge of the availability and variability of solar irradiance - in particularly solar direct normal irradiance (DNI) - is the single most important thing for estimating the performance of planned concentrating solar power (CSP) systems. Classically, such performance simulations have been based on some form of typical meteorological year (TMY) data set that includes 12 typical months of data taken from a longer data series of quality controlled meteorological measurements. This approach, however, is lacking in the sense that the typical meteorological months in the data series do not accurately represent the variability of the solar irradiance. By utilizing multi-year data sets, probabilistic modeling can be performed that accounts for the full variability in a longer data series. Best practices for making and utilizing such data sets are needed. Making such guidelines will be the focus of this project.

DMI's role: Project management and investigation of the future variability in the solar resources with a particular focus on the risk of major volcanic eruptions.

SOROS HF Radarproject (Link: danish (external))

Project aims: The project investigates the feasibility of a common Scandinavian HF radar system for monitoring the surface currents in Skagerrak area. Partners in the project are SMHI, Met.no and DMI. A test system consisting of two HF radars will be hired for a period of a few months and set up in summer 2014. The test system consists of two mid-range HF radars and covers a small area of Skagerrak and Kattegat. Measured surface currents will be validated against drifters.

DMI’s role: DMI has explored the possibilities for setup a HF radar on Danish soil to partly cover Skagerrak. Similar efforts have been done in Norway by Met.no and in Sweden by SMHI. DMI will together with Met.no and SMH validate the test system to be setup in summer 2014. DMI will have access to the HF radar data and drifter data. Apart from this, the three institutes are planning common development of assimilation routines.

SPICES (Space-borne observations for detecting and forecasting sea ice cover extremes)

Project aims: The main objective of this project is to develop new methods to retrieve sea ice parameters from existing (and imminent) satellite sensors to provide enhanced products for polar operators and prediction systems, specifically addressing extreme and unexpected conditions.

DMI's role: Develop new methods for ice concentration and snow on sea-ice retrieval. Participate in seasonal forecasting WP.

SVALI: The Stability and Variations of Arctic Land Ice (Link: english (external))

Project aims: SVALI is a multidisciplinary and cross-national science collaboration that aims to improve understanding of the stability and dynamics of the cryosphere, and the implementation of new and improved process formulations that have not been adequately addressed in current Earth System Models (ESM) before, by integration of observations, process studies and modelling. 

DMI’s role: DMI will contribute to the project with better representation of the surface mass balance of Greenland ice sheets and better simulation of the ice sheet changes in future, using global and regional ESMs (i.e., EC-EARTH and HIRHAM) and their coupled system with the Greenland ice sheet model (PISM).

S3 SLSTR IST (Sentinel 3  -Sea-ice surface temperature retrieval and validation)

Project aims: The S3 SLSTR IST project will develop and recommend retrieval algorithms for sea-ice and marginal ice zone temperatures for use with Sentinel-3 Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR), with special focus on bridging high-latitude SST and IST estimates to ensure minimal unphysical discontinuities in the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) in retrieved surface temperature across water and ice surface types. The Ice Surface Temperature (IST) products performance will be validated against in situ and model data, and compared with other IST satellite products. The work will result in a prototype processor suitable for future operational implementation for Copernicus Sentinel-3 SLSTR.

DMI's role: DMI is the leading entity of this contract. DMI undertakes the project management, develop, implement and validate the algorithm. The project will end with the processor and related validation tools being installed by DMI at EUMETSAT.

S3vt-fa (Link: www.osi-saf.org)

Project aims: In situ Sea Surface Temperature measurements are very scarce at high latitude where satellite SST retrievals are particularly challenging. This project will provide detailed SST cal/val results for high latitudes during the Sentinel-3/SLSTR cal/val phase. This will be achieved through development and exploitation of a dedicated Sentinel-3/SLSTR MatchUp DB.

DMI’s role: Provide collocated Thermal-InfraRed radiometer data from the DMI-ISAR radiometer instrument operating on a Royal Arctic Lines vessel between Denmark and Greenland. The matched-Up DMI-ISAR and S3/SLSTR SST measurements will subsequently be exploited. The cal/val results will hereafter constitute a reference SLSTR matchup data set for high latitude SST due to the unique quality of the DMI-ISAR measurements.

TASSEEF: Develop new tools to assess the environmental effects of fishing

Project aims: The project aims to develop new knowledge about the indirect effects on the marine environment of fishing dredgers, in particular to develop new tools and methods at the level of entire basins can establish new knowledge about fishing effects.

DMI's role: numerical modelling of Limfjorden.

VARSKO

Project aims: Dynamic forecasting of flooding on land from storm surges. During the project, the DMI storm surge model will be coupled with the DHI inundation model, and two areas have been selected as test areas: Roskilde Fjord and Copenhagen. The coupled model will also be used for future scenario simulations.

DMI's role: DMI will participate in the model coupling, host the DHI inundation model and contribute to simulations of future scenarios and to the development of an user interface.

VeVa (Vejrradardata - tilpasset og klar til anvendelse for hele vandsektoren og deres kunder) -  www.veva.dk

Project aims:  The aim project is to accelerate the use of weather radar data in the water sector for all precipitation-related tasks from customer support to planning, design, climate change adaptation and control.

DMI's role: DMI's role is to provide scientific and technical know-how and support on weather radar data and its use.

Veterinary emergency preparedness

Project aims: Veterinary emergency preparedness for the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration.

DMI’s role: Model development.

Visibility in the Baffin Bay

Project aims: Investigation of the potential for improvements in visibility forecasting for the Baffin Bay area.

DMI’s role: GAP analysis; operations of new measurement station on Eddefugleøerne; suggesting improvements for visibility forecasting in the Arctic.

WOW (Western valley OverfloW)

Project aims: The WOW project is a cooperation between Havstovan (Faroe Marine Research Institute) and the Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) to measure the overflow of cold water from the Arctic into the World Ocean through the Western Valley of the Iceland-Faroe Ridge, to allow the effects of this flow to be adequately simulated in climate model projections of the thermohaline circulation and the heat transport towards the Arctic, and to design a low-cost monitoring system for this flow.

DMI's role: Combine results from the field experiment and historic data to extend the results to long-term estimates and to evaluate a recently proposed relationship between the WV-overflow and sea level east of Iceland. Develop methods to allow more accurate projections of oceanic heat transport towards the Arctic in climate models.

Water Smart Cities (WSC)

Project aims: WSC will develop hydrological forecasts for usage by the utilities (waste water handling institutions) on the short and medium term (hours to several days) by integrating numerical models of the urban water system with sensor networks, weather forecasts, coastal/ocean forecasts and optimization techniques. In addition WSC will develop planning models, enabling assessment of the impact of specific, long term, city developments on flooding risks and the cost of mitigation, for usage in urban planning.

DMI's role: DMI will provide 4 types of precipitation and dry period forecasts:

1) DMI Radar-based nowcasting, 0-3 h.

2) DMI NWP nowcasting, 0-12 h.

3) DMI NWP ensemble, 0 - 48 h.

4) ECMWF ensemble, 0 - 10 days.

During the course of the project, DMI will improve the first 3 forecast types, through use of more observations and NWP model developments.